Minggu, 28 Juli 2019

Ethereum Beacon

A Rapid Transition to Proof-of-Stake

About

Ethereum Beacon aims to be the world computer for the next generation of decentralized applications. To do this, we are building a highly scalable new blockchain that will introduce a whole host of advanced solutions, including sharding, a validator-based PoS consensus protocol, and an improved virtual machine, Beacon Assembly.
The project will resolve the pending network capacity issue of Ethereum without compromising the security of the system. At the same time, it will promote the ideals of distributed democracy through its Proof-of-Stake scheme, which will level the opportunities of all transaction validators, from individual GPU users to large mining operations. This and many other solutions will make EBEA the ultimate programmable money that Ethereum was originally designed to be.

A New Consensus System

Ethereum Beacon will take network capacity to a new level with the introduction of a revolutionary transaction validation system. The central PoS chain – the Key chain – will be responsible for storing and updating the registry of validators. To become a validator, a user will need to make a security deposit, which will minimize the risk of abusive behaviour. The Key chain will also process its own block-by-block consensus and cross-links – sets of confirmations by validators that allow to insert a shard segment into the Key chain. In short, it will be the foundation on which the sharding system is built.
The combination of internal and cross-shard consensus, independent validation within each shard, and a system of deposits will create a fast, efficient, and secure network environment that can easily scale and accommodate dApps of all types. Validators will earn a stable return on their deposit investment, while the transition to PoS will solve the problem of energy waste and achieve real decentralization – free from the hegemony of mining farms.

Sharding – The Most Efficient Way to Scale

In Ethereum Beacon, there is no need for each node to confirm every single transaction. Instead, the network is split into numerous shards – segments of the state that work independently, confirming different transactions and powered by different sets of validators. Shards interact with the Key chain via cross-links – special messages that indicate that the state of a shard with its recently confirmed operations can be safely included into the main chain. Since the number of confirmations is still high, the security will not be compromised in Ethereum Beacon.

Implementation Phases

Phase Alpha: transition to a new PoS/validation system
Phase Beta: Implementation of Basic Sharding
Phase Gamma: Sharding with EVM/EWASM
Phase Delta: to asynchronous cross-sharding, exponential sharding and beyond

Why Ethereum Beacon?

Ethereum Beacon is a new Ethereum-based cryptocurrency project that aims to ensure scalability, security, and decentralization, leveraging the latest innovations designed by the global Ethereum community and the project’s own team. By working with a smaller network and a more agile development team, Ethereum Beacon will be able to execute the switch from Proof-of-Work to Proof-of-Stake faster and without the hindrances posed by lobbies, such as mining pools and ASIC manufacturers.
Though by itself PoS does not ensure scaling, it will create the necessary infrastructure for the introduction of sharding – a groundbreaking scaling solution that will help increase the transaction processing speed to 1000 tps and beyond. In this White Paper, we provide a detailed overview of how sharding works and how it will be implemented in Ethereum Beacon.
In the next development phase, we will introduce a new runtime environment for decentralized applications based on the W3C-designed WebAssembly. This will further improve the performance of dApps
As a way to acquire early supporters for the testing phase, EBEA tokens will initially be distributed for free to ETH holders, as well as awarded to all bounty campaign participants. In the last section of the White Paper you will find additional information about the network snapshot, token distribution, and bounty terms and conditions.

Roadmap

Phase Alpha: Transition to a new PoS/validation System
Phase Alpha will mark the transition to a hybrid model of consensus, where Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake will coexist for a while. After the mainnet is launched and the EBEA tokens are distributed in a massive airdrop, a completely new blockchain will be created, called the Key chain. While it will not include sharding yet, it will help users adapt to the new consensus model.
Phase Beta – Implementation of Basic Sharding
In this second phase, an initial implementation of the sharding system will be integrated with the Key chain. The solution will follow the principle of database sharding, which is widely used in IT. Various parts of the Ethereum Beacon network state will be stored by different nodes.
Phase Gamma: Sharding with EVM/EWASM
At this stage, Ethereum Beacon will complete its migration to the new Key chain network. Sharding will be fully implemented, including transaction confirmations and recording of account balances done on individual shards.
Phase Delta: asynchronous cross-sharding, exponential sharding and beyond
At this stage, the migration of most dApps from the old virtual machine to Beacon Assembly will be complete, and a host of new applications will be developed using the new VM. This will allow to move on to truly exciting opportunities.
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